Case 3 – Stephen

Answer: AD developed as a result of blocked bladder catheter.

Answer: Yes. Elevating the head rest level or sitting a patient up are appropriate actions as this will typically elicit the orthostatic decrease in blood pressure and help to decrease the symptoms.

Answer: Assessment of the urinary bladder and possible blockage of the catheter should be performed next without delay. Unfortunately, in this case the patient had to wait for an additional 20 minutes before further assessment.